1、 Introduction to Mental Health Education Center

The Psychological Health Education Center of Xiangtan University of Technology (hereinafter referred to as the "Psychological Center") is fully responsible for the psychological health education of all teachers and students in the school. Currently, the Psychological Center has 2 full-time psychological teachers, 2 part-time psychological teachers, and 6 psychological education professionals in various departments. The Psychological Center is mainly responsible for the research and teaching of the course "College Student Mental Health Education", providing psychological assessment and measurement, crisis warning referral, psychological counseling and counseling, psychological lectures and training, group counseling and other services for teachers and students. The Psychological Center has launched the "Sunshine Escort" psychological training camp, providing specialized psychological improvement training for students in adaptability, self-control, resilience, interpersonal relationships, emotional management, and other areas. The Psychological Center provides psychological skill training and supervision for the construction of the counselor team, and regularly conducts seminar activities. The Psychological Center is committed to research on home school co construction work, conducting family education public welfare courses, family assistance, etc., and fully empowering school student management services.

2、 Construction of venues for mental health education centers

The Psychological Center is located in Room 109 and Room 114 of the First Teaching Building, with an area of approximately 320 square meters. The Psychological Center is located in the inner ring of the teaching building, with a comfortable and quiet environment. There are three individual counseling rooms in the center, including 2 in Room 114 of the First Teaching Building and 1 in Room 109 of the First Teaching Building. There are two group counseling rooms, one in Room 109 and one in Room 114. Room 109 is mainly used for psychological counseling and supervision, as well as psychological skill training for counselors. Room 114 has three group counseling boxes, mainly used for student peer assistance, group counseling, and psychological training camp activities. The psychological counseling room is equipped with relaxation chairs, sand tables, and other equipment, mainly used for psychological services such as relaxation, hypnosis, counseling, and emotional counseling. The psychological evaluation room is equipped with an evaluation computer, mainly used for psychological evaluation and measurement of all teachers and students in the school, psychological screening of new employees, and other work. The reception room is located in Room 109, where on duty personnel register psychological counseling appointments and receive visitors. The office has 114 rooms, which are used for daily office work.

3、 Psychological Health Popularization Knowledge

Mental Health

Psychological health refers to people's high efficiency and happy adaptation to the environment, or their ability to happily accept the norms of life. A psychologically healthy person should be able to maintain calm emotions, sharp intelligence, adapt to social environments, and have a pleasant temperament. A psychologically healthy person should possess the following qualities:

1、 An efficient perception of reality.

2、 Having spontaneous but not vulgar thoughts.

3、 Can please both oneself and others.

4、 Being able to maintain independence in the environment and appreciate tranquility.

5、 Pay attention to the theories of philosophy and morality.

6、 Maintain interest in ordinary things, even daily routine work.

7、 Being able to establish deep relationships with a few people and possessing a spirit of helping others.

8、 Having a democratic attitude, creative ideas, and a sense of humor.

9、 Capable of experiencing joy and injury.

The psychological health of a person also includes normal intelligence, emotional health, sound willpower, coordinated behavior, interpersonal relationship adaptation, moderate reaction, and psychological characteristics that are in line with age. Normal intelligence refers to the most basic psychological condition for a person's normal life and is the primary standard for mental health. The International Classification System of Intelligence proposed by the World Health Organization considers intellectual disability or disability as a psychological disorder and abnormal behavior. Their emotional health refers to being able to maintain a happy, cheerful, confident, and satisfied mood regularly, being good at seeking pleasure from life, full of hope for life, and more importantly, having good emotional stability.

In addition, psychologically healthy individuals have strong willpower qualities, characterized by clear and reasonable goals, high self-awareness, ability to analyze situations, decisiveness, resilience, perseverance, strong psychological resilience, and good self-control. They have both the firmness of realistic goals and the ability to restrain desires, motivations, emotions, and behaviors that interfere with the achievement of goals, without indulging or being capricious. In addition, psychologically healthy individuals have harmonious interpersonal relationships, are willing to interact with others, have stable and extensive interpersonal relationships, and have their own friends. They maintain an independent and complete personality in communication, have self-awareness, are not humble or arrogant, can objectively evaluate others, complement their own shortcomings with their strengths, treat others leniently, get along well with others, and are willing to help others. They also have a positive attitude rather than a negative attitude in communication. People with mental health are also able to adapt and transform their environment, maintain integrity and health of their personality.

The ultimate goal of their mental health is to maintain the integrity of their personality and cultivate a sound personality. Among the various structural elements that signify complete personality health, it is demonstrated that there are no obvious defects or deviations, and there is a clear self-awareness, no confusion of self-identity, and a positive and enterprising life as the core of personality, which effectively controls one's actions. It has relatively complete and unified psychological characteristics, and can fully understand oneself, making moderate evaluations of one's abilities, Able to moderately release and control emotions, especially when psychological behavior is in line with age characteristics. If a person's psychological behavior often deviates significantly from their age characteristics, it is generally a manifestation of mental health.

Understanding and mastering the definition of mental health is of great significance for enhancing and maintaining human health. People have mastered the standards of mental health and use them as a basis for self diagnosis of mental health. If they find that their psychological condition or certain aspects are at a certain distance from the standards of mental health, they will strengthen targeted psychological exercise in order to achieve a level of mental health. If you find that your psychological state seriously deviates from the mental health standards, you should seek medical attention in a timely manner for early diagnosis and treatment.

Anxiety emotions

Anxiety refers to a restless emotion caused by excessive concern for the safety of family members or one's own life, future destiny, etc. It contains elements such as anxiety, concern, sadness, tension, panic, and unease. It is related to critical situations and events that are difficult to predict and cope with. The situation may change, and anxiety may be relieved.

Some people are in a state of anxiety for a long time without objective reasons, often fearing major disasters for no reason, worrying about incurable serious diseases, resulting in symptoms such as restlessness and anxiety. This abnormal anxiety is a manifestation of mental illness.

Several factors that cause anxiety

1. Smartphones are indispensable. In this digital age, major events from all over the world will flood into our phones. Although we communicate more than before, we are even more lonely than before. Human beings need to communicate through their senses - whether it's touch, eye contact, smell, or other connections, such as laughter or even tears. These are all overlooked in digital communication.

Living a "dual life". Clinical psychologists have found that many people live a dual life: on the one hand, they want to show an image of being happy with others, and on the other hand, they close the door and use alcohol, binge eating, or infidelity to alleviate anxiety. These people are usually divided and anxious due to the need for long hours and high intensity of work.

3. Concerns about health. People's concerns about health are becoming increasingly common. This reflects our increased understanding of health, but it may also lead us to develop hypochondria. In hospitals, it is common to see a group of people who suspect themselves of having serious problems before the test results are available. For example, if there is a change in bowel habits, bloating after eating, or weight loss, one may feel that they have colon cancer.

4. "Looking more perfect" puts a lot of pressure on people. One-third of people say that appearance can make them feel anxious. We live in a world of celebrity and reality show culture. This culture makes "ordinary people" want to become idols in the public eye, and people are paying more and more attention to external appearances. Many people detest their appearance due to being inferior, which becomes the root cause of anxiety. Social media also contributes to this anxiety and focus.

5. Young people are under increasing pressure. A survey found that the main symptoms of anxiety patients start at the age of 22 and peak around the age of 32. This is in line with the famous American psychologist Eric Erikson's theory of "eight stages of psychological development": people face dual pressures in their twenties and thirties, namely intimacy and loneliness. People need to find suitable partners, but they are also worried that not being able to manage relationships well may lead to loneliness and old age.

Several ways to deal with anxiety

Once psychological problems are discovered, they cannot be treated by inaction or simply endured, and need to be actively addressed. Generally speaking, when experiencing psychological discomfort, one can first self regulate through the following methods.

2. Face pressure correctly. When encountering setbacks, shift your focus, temporarily set aside your worries, and start doing what you enjoy doing. After calming down, reconsider how to solve your troubles.

Adapt to society in a unique way. Everyone has their own way of life, you have your brilliance, and I have my pride. The starting point is different, and the shining point is also different. Be brave to adapt to society in your own unique way, walk your own path, and do your own thing.

4. Learn to vent. When things don't go well or are not satisfactory, you can vent your unpleasant emotions through sports, entertainment, and confiding in friends. Avoid suppressing negative emotions.

5. Communicate with people in a positive way. Change your attitude towards others, treat them with kindness, do not argue with others everywhere, and do not make random guesses about others. If necessary, learn to compromise and do not expect too much from others.

Once you feel that your psychological pressure is too high and your self adjustment is ineffective, you should actively seek help from professionals.

When facing anxiety and stress, there are actually many ways to solve it, such as deep breathing, meditation, and confiding in others. Learn to let go, learn to vent, learn to add some light to your life, and make your life happier from now on.

Depressive emotions

Depression is one of the common emotional components and a negative emotional response that everyone experiences. When an individual encounters negative events such as setbacks, failures, life and death separations, unexpected accidents, or when expectations fail or hope is not seen, this emotional response will occur. Depression is not equivalent to depression, it can be overcome through one's own and external forces.

The causes of depression

There are many reasons that can cause depression, and in simple terms, it can be viewed from three factors: biological, psychological, and social. In terms of biological factors, the onset of depression has a certain degree of heritability, and the risk of depression among relatives of patients with depression is 2-10 times higher than that of the general population. In addition, depressive emotions may be related to factors such as abnormal distribution of neurotransmitters in the brain or abnormal hormone levels. In terms of psychological and social factors, negative life events such as widowhood, divorce, unemployment, and serious illness can all lead to the occurrence of depression. People with poor economic conditions, low education levels, and long-term exposure to adverse environments are also prone to depression.

Several methods for coping with depressive emotions

1. Maintain a calm mindset

Don't put too much mental pressure on yourself, change your mindset and perspective. Sometimes the path of life is wide with many choices, just setting limits on oneself and cutting corners to block all possible paths ahead! Try taking a break for your heart, accepting everything you have and have lost, accepting it, acknowledging it, not giving yourself excessive expectations and pressure, and quietly feeling the changes in your heart!

2. Write a diary

If you are not talkative and introverted, writing a diary should be the best way to relieve stress. Write down your problems and look back at your inner journey after a period of time. Time will allow you to see your true self at that time! I will see myself clearly! The past problems are gradually becoming less important!

3. Timely affirm oneself

Before going to bed every night, it is important to fully affirm one's achievements and progress in the upcoming day, and not talk about negative things. It is best to write a diary, recording good experiences, progress, and grades in it. I keep a diary like this every day, thinking that life will become more and more interesting.

4. Leisure activities

Relieving depression requires the help of family members, who can start with small daily details. For example, if the symptoms of laziness in patients with depression are not severe, they should be encouraged to leave their homes and have close contact with nature in parks or suburbs, which is very beneficial for improving the emotions of patients with depression.

interpersonal relationship

Interpersonal communication, also known as interpersonal communication, refers to the process in which individuals transmit certain information to other individuals through certain means of expression such as language, writing, body movements, and facial expressions. Sociology defines interpersonal relationships as a social relationship established by people in the process of production or life activities. Psychology defines interpersonal relationships as the direct psychological connections established between individuals in their interactions. Interpersonal communication includes relationships with relatives, friends, classmates, teachers and students, employment, comrades in arms, colleagues, leaders, and subordinates.

Factors that affect interpersonal relationships

1. Communication level: Close relationships between people, and mutual communication is an essential prerequisite.

2. Mutual Remuneration Level: Psychologists point out that behavior between people has "reciprocity", that is, "how you treat me, I also treat you.". The "reward" here includes not only material aspects, but also psychological aspects such as emotions and emotions. In interpersonal relationships, the higher the level of mutual compensation, the more stable and close the relationship is. Some students may not be able to handle relationships well with other students, and their low reciprocity may also be an important reason. Show indifference to the needs and difficulties of classmates, making people feel that you are very indifferent.

3. Evaluation level: Simply put, it refers to how you perceive others and how you expect them to perceive you. The level of evaluation mainly depends not on how much you speak well of others, but on whether the evaluation is sincere and realistic.

4. Inclusion level: The physiological and psychological differences between people objectively exist, and whether one can tolerate these differences is also a manifestation of interpersonal coordination. The higher the level of tolerance, the greater the adaptability to getting along with others, and good interpersonal relationships, and vice versa.

Methods for improving interpersonal relationships

1. Strengthen self-awareness.

2. Humility and infecting others.

3. Make friends with a cooperative attitude.

4. Look at others with a developmental perspective.

5. Find common ground between both parties.

6. Avoid conflicts with others.

7. Adhere to the principles of equality, integrity, complementarity, and tolerance.

Stress emotions

Stress emotions are the emotions that people experience when facing pressure. Every generation's adolescence is a period of pressure and stormy baptism, which leads people to believe that it is normal to bear great pressure in adolescence or that this is just a stage of transition from teenagers to adults.

Stress, emotions, and stress have become high-frequency words used in modern society, and it is an unavoidable psychological state that everyone is facing. As we live in big cities, we face pressure from various aspects every day: work, family, marriage, love, and children. When there is pressure, there will be emotions, which directly affect our work efficiency, interpersonal relationships, and physical and mental health. Only by learning the ability to interpret it correctly, becoming masters, and allowing emotions to be controlled by ourselves, can we truly make emotions serve us.

Reasons for generating pressure

1. Suppressed emotions

Many people are unwilling to express their true emotions. In fact, expressing emotions can be very beneficial to our health. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that anger and sadness can harm the lungs and the liver. This all indicates the harm of negative emotional experiences to the body and mind. When feeling suffocated or traumatized, it is advisable to cry and laugh to release the potential energy and seek spiritual liberation. Psychologists believe that one of the standards for the best working state is to maintain a happy mood.

2. Nervous and heavy work

Busy work has turned many people into workaholics. Once you become a workaholic, the only pleasure is working non-stop. Neglecting family, without friendship, without hobbies and interests, without the joy of gaming life. Therefore, understanding one's work status and adapting to the rules of the workplace is also a good way to effectively cope with stress.

3. Health

Personal health issues can bring stress to both children and adults. Worrying about medical expenses and dealing with unexpected health disasters or chronic diseases can cause psychological stress. The worst thing is that stress can further worsen the disease. In fact, in the past decade, stress-related depression and other diseases have been the second leading factor in disability.

4. Work life imbalance

In today's society, people's work pace has become faster, and many people have given up leisure and entertainment for work. There are many things in life that cannot be dealt with in time. As a result, there is a contradiction between work and life, and many people are troubled by it. The relationship with colleagues is tense.

Methods for coping with stress

1. Seek support. Seeking support from others to enhance problem-solving skills.

2. Temporarily put on hold. Not avoiding pressure, but not solving problems, but temporarily setting it aside, adjusting oneself, and accumulating strength.

3. Escape. Using methods such as avoiding problems, blaming others, or letting fate take its course to avoid stress. For example, finding reasons to avoid interpersonal activities, watching TV all day despite big things on your shoulders, not doing important things and doing irrelevant things, running away from home to avoid family pressure, and so on.

4. Solve the problem. Take direct action to solve problems, including assessing stress situations, identifying action plans, and actively taking action.

5. Change oneself. Change emotions and cognitive states from a positive perspective to enhance problem-solving skills. The evasive coping style is only a temporary way to avoid pressure and threats, but sooner or later it will have to be faced, which is a negative coping style. The other four strategies are proactive and effective responses that can yield good results.

Simply put, our response to stress has two orientations: problem-solving and emotional focus. Problem solving orientation focuses on the problem itself, taking effective behavioral measures based on evaluating the stress situation to directly solve the problem and change the stress situation.

Methods for distinguishing between psychologically normal and abnormal

The normal and abnormal aspects of human psychology and behavior are relative, and absolute health and normalcy are difficult to find. Even for people with psychological disorders, their psychological activities are not entirely abnormal. Moreover, the difference between psychological abnormalities and normalcy is also relative. In some cases, there may be essential differences between the two, but in more cases, it may only be a difference in degree. Therefore, there is currently no completely unified and concise standard for judging whether a person's psychology is abnormal and the degree of psychological abnormalities. But when making distinctions, the general approach is to consider a person's psychological state and behavioral performance in the objective environment and socio-cultural background of the time, compare them with socially recognized behavioral norms, and compare them with their consistent psychological state and personality traits, in order to determine whether the person has psychological abnormalities and the degree of psychological abnormalities.

Here are several methods for distinguishing common psychological abnormalities in China in recent years.

1. Common sense differentiation

The distinction between normal and abnormal psychology by non professionals is mainly based on daily life experience. Although this approach is not very scientific, it can still be considered a method. If the following situations occur, they can be considered as psychological abnormalities: 1. When strange and bizarre words, thoughts, and behaviors appear; 2. When presenting excessive emotional experiences and expressions; 3. When one's social function is incomplete; 4. When influencing the social life of others.

2. Differentiation in medical psychology

According to the definition of psychological activity in psychology, Professor Guo Nianfeng, a Chinese psychologist, proposed three principles for determining whether psychological activity is normal or abnormal: 1. The principle of unity between the subjective world and the objective world. Any normal psychological activity or behavior must be consistent in form and content with the objective environment, otherwise it is abnormal; 2. The principle of internal coordination in psychological activities. The human psychological activity itself is a complete unity, and there is a coordinated and consistent relationship between various psychological processes. This coordination and consistency ensure high accuracy and effectiveness in reflecting the objective world process. Without coordination and consistency, it is called an abnormal state; 3. The principle of relative stability of personality. The unique personality and psychological characteristics formed by each person on their long-term life path have relative stability, and are generally not easy to change without significant external changes. If there are no obvious external reasons for a person's personality stability issues, it is also necessary to suspect that their psychological activity is abnormal.

Psychological counseling methods and techniques

Rational emotional therapy

Rational Emotional Therapy (RET), also known as Rational Emotional Therapy, is a psychological therapy method that helps seekers solve emotional distress caused by irrational beliefs. It was founded by Albert Ellis in the United States in the 1950s. Rational emotional therapy is a type of cognitive psychological therapy, which is also known as a cognitive-behavioral therapy because it uses some methods of behavioral therapy.

Focus on short-term psychological counseling techniques

Focused problem-solving short-term therapy refers to a short-term psychotherapy technique that focuses on finding solutions to problems. It was developed in the early 1980s by Steve de Shazer, his wife Inn Berg Kim, and a group of working group members with diverse training backgrounds (including psychology, social work, education, philosophy, medicine, etc.) at the Short Term Family Therapy Center in Miwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

At present, the focus solution has been widely applied in the field of practical counseling, and has been positively recognized in areas such as family services, psychological rehabilitation, public social services, child welfare, prisons, community treatment centers, schools, and hospitals. Due to the fact that short-term solutions do not rely as heavily on a comprehensive and comprehensive theoretical foundation as previous counseling methods, the counseling process is relatively simple. Therefore, they cannot effectively solve complex and long-term psychological disorders. But with the development of society,